Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke map ndị dị na mbụ n'etiti Mpịakọta Maapụ 28-124

Na mbipụta ya kachasị ọhụrụ ka 28 dị -maka ọnwa March na April 2019- Magazin maapụ emeela ka ọ bụrụ isi okwu ya niile gbasara ogbako Iberian nke IX nke gbasara Data Data. N'ime nhọrọ nke isiokwu sayensị asaa, nke e bipụtara na magazin a dị mkpa maka ala geoscientific, ọ dịkarịa ala isiokwu anọ, nke anyị na-akọwa nkowa.

MAPPING bụ akwụkwọ nkà na ụzụ-sayensi na 28 afọ nke akụkọ ntolite nke na-achọ ikesa nchọpụta, ọrụ na ọrụ a rụrụ na ngalaba Geomatics na ọzụzụ ndị yiri ya, na-elebara anya ngwa ngwa ha n'ọhịa nke Science Sciences.

N'echiche nke onye nchịkọta akụkọ anyị, isiokwu ndị a họọrọ bụ ihe ndị a:

• Oru weebụ di iche iche
• Ọrụ data nke Ngalaba Ngwá Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri (UTM-CSIC),
• Mmezi nke ụdị INSPIRE na Diputación Foral de Álava
• INSPIRACI OZI OCHIKE na metadata, data na ọrụ: otu esi eji usoro nyocha nke a na-emeghi eme.

1. Ọrụ weebụ weebụ Ochie

Ọ bụ otu n'ime nchọpụta ndị ahụ, nke na-elegide anya anyị naanị site n'ile anya na aha ahụ; nke Alvaro Bachiller dere, Carolina Soteres, na ndị ọzọ na-ede akwụkwọ. Ebumnuche ahụ na-ekwu ọtụtụ ihe; iji mara ọdịnihu anyị ga-ama ihe merenụ n'oge gara aga, ihe na-emetụta kpọmkwem oghere mpaghara.

Nke a draft n'akwụkwọ ochie map - akpọ La Cartoteca- malitere kemgbe 2008, na a na-rụrụ site na CNIG - National Geographic Ozi Center, na mmekota na Department of Territory National Geographic Institute na National Geographic Institute - IGN. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ e kwuru na mbụ jisiri ike ịnakọta ọtụtụ ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na isii site na otu ndị na-emepụta Ụlọ Ahịa.

"Atụmatụ ndị na-emepụta akụkọ na-eme ka a mata ihe ọmụma, usoro ndị e wuru n'ihu ihe a maara ugbu a, na-enye ohere ịmepụta nchịkọta dị iche iche, ngosipụta nke ihe meworo na ga-anọgide na-abụ ohere, nakwa ịbụ ihe nketa nke mba."

Nwa akwukwo, ndi okacha amara ma obu ndi na-amu amu nwere ike ighota otutu n'ime akwukwo ndi a bara uru, tinyere map ndi mmadu, ma obu isiokwu ndi mmadu. Ihe CNIG weputara bu ihe atumatu iji nye Web Map Services - na usoro iwu WMS - ije ozi dika ebe nchekwa maka otutu data a.

Na WMS, ị nwere ike ịnweta ọtụtụ ọrụ dị ka:

• Mpempe akwụkwọ ntụgharị - atụmatụ ndetu ederede cadastral: ya na 1: 2000. E weputara akwụkwọ akụkọ a n'etiti 1861 na 1870; site na General Board of Statistics - onye bu ụzọ nke IGN.
• Atụmatụ: Ihe ndị a bụ ọkwa na -emepụta atụmatụ ederede n'etiti 1870 na 1950, tupu ịmepụta nhazi map nke mba na 1: 50.000 scale.
• Mbipụta mbụ nke Map National Topographic Maps - MTN, mepụtara n'etiti ụbọchị nke 1875 na 1968. Ọrụ a na-agụnye akwụkwọ abụọ ọzọ dị na map:
  • oge MTN dị n'etiti 1915 na 1960,
  • Ndepụta mbụ nke MTN: nke e dere 4123 akwụkwọ ntanetị, ma site na 1975 gaa 2003.

A na-etinye data gbasara ohere na ọkwa mba, n'agbanyeghị obodo nke nnukwu usoro dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Madrid, a chịkọtara ọtụtụ ozi metụtara ya ma nye ya n'otu ọrụ ịdebanye aha weebụ - WMS. Ihe omuma banyere ihe omuma ihe mere eme nke Madrid di iche na ihe ndi ozo, e nwere data dika: Mancelli map nke Madrid, map onpographic nke ulo ikpe Villa na Madrid, map Nicolás de Chalmadrier, map geometric nke Madrid, atụmatụ nke Madrid na ngwugwu map nke Madrid

N'isiokwu a, ha na-egosi ọrụ ndị ọzọ metụtara usoro nyocha CNIG, dịka ajụjụ nyocha, na teknụzụ ndị a na-eji eme ihe omume a site na ọrụ mgbasa ozi Orthophotography. Ọrụ a na-enye ọkwa isii nke ndị ọrụ:

• Ụgbọelu ndị America: B usoro (1956 na 1957),
• Nnukwu njikọ ụgbọelu: ọrụ nke Elu Council nke Spain n'etiti 1976 na 1986,
• Ụgbọ elu ụlọ: 1 ọkwa: 18.000 n'etiti 1981 na 1983,
• Ụgbọ njem OLISTAT: nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo na-akwado, maka ógbè olive n'etiti 1997 na 1998,
• na Mgbapụta PNOA: ọ na-ekpuchi elu ala dum na ugboro ole n'ime afọ atọ, naanị data sitere na 2004 ruo 2016 gụnyere.

Na mgbakwunye na nke ahụ e kwuru n'elu, na ọnọdụ, ọdịdị na ụbọchị nke okike ngwaahịa ahụ, a na-egosipụta otú e si mesoo data ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ihe gbasara ohere gbasara ihe gbasara afọ 100, chọrọ usoro nkwadebe , nyocha na nchekwa ọbụna dị nro karịa maka data ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya. Otu ihe atụ nke a ọgwụgwọ bụ na ndị a map ịbụ a ụdị nke abụọ data, na-aga site digitization usoro site a ọkachamara photogrammetric na georeferenced enyocha kwa, p -n'ihi 400 na 254 ọzọ small- ọnụ ọgụgụ -n'ihi ọzọ large- ọnụ ọgụgụ p , wee debe ha na sava CNIG, nke a ga-ekpebi dịka ha dị ma ọ bụrụ na ha zigara ha na sava WMS ma ọ bụ echekwa na diski mpụta.

Ekwesiri ikwuputa na ndi na-edeputa otua ihe omuma nke oru ngo ahu di n'ime afo ole na ole, ebe o meghere ndi mmadu, igosi onu ogugu nke negosi: uzo nkesa, ubochi nleta, onu ogugu, nbudata na (Gb) na ikpo okwu ndị na-akwado data ahụ.

2. Ọrụ data nke Ngalaba Ngwá Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri (UTM-CSIC),

salinity ma ọ bụ n'elu okpomọkụ: Na-eme nchọpụta a, site Juan Valderrama, Susana Tagarro, na abụọ co-authors, ọrụ nke unit Marine Technology na Aims inye ozu nke ala ọmụma banyere oké osimiri ebe dị ka a kọwara.

Ụlọ ọrụ a bụ ọrụ na-adọrọ mmasị, ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-anakọta na nyochaa data anakọtara oge niile 24, ya mere, anyị chere na ọ na-atụgharị na nnukwu ọdịdị nke ọdịdị dị iche iche n'ihi ọrụ dị n'ime oké osimiri. Na nchọpụta a, ọ na-akpali mmasị ịkọwapụta njedebe nke iji data anakọtara n'ọhịa, nke a na-emeso, nyochaa ma zigara òtù na-achị isi - Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.

Isiokwu ahụ kwuru banyere njikọ nke njikọta nke mmiri Spatial Data Infrastructure for Oceanographic Vessels, a na-ewepụta usoro ọ bụla chọrọ iji mezuo ebumnuche a, dịka: mkpebi nke ọrụ ga-abụ otu nchịkọta, nyocha na njide nke data (physicochemical, biologists, geologists, or meteorologists), iwu metadata, akwụkwọ ndekọ aha, ntinye nke katalọgụ nke mkpọsa - nke ga-egosi ụdị data dị mkpa maka ọgbọ nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ-, ihe ngwanrọ chọrọ (na nke a Geonetwork ikpe)

3. Mmezi nke ụdị INSPIRE na Diputación Foral de Álava

Atumatu oru ngo a kere Jorrín Abellán na Oscar Diego Alonso, bụ nditịm yiri ka isiokwu bụ isi nke magazin a olu, otú ị na-amalite na-enye ihe n'ihi na mkpa nke ndị na-ewu na mmejuputa iwu nke gbasara ohere Data infrastructures - SDI dị ka na-akpali emeela ihe ịma aka nke ịdị n'otu.

Ha na-akọwakwa akụkụ dịka ihe usoro nhazi nke data data pụtara, ihe bụ ngwá ọrụ eji eme ihe n'oge a, ihe ndị dị mkpa ka edoziwo, uru nke mmekọrịta a dum.

4. INSPIRACI OZI OCHIKE na metadata, data na ọrụ: otu esi eji usoro nyocha nke a na-emeghi eme

Ọ bụ otu n'ime isiokwu metụtara isiokwu mbụ, nke Alejandro Guinea de Salas na Paula Rodrigo dere. Nke a na-amalite site na-emesi ike otú technical ụkpụrụ nduzi akpali, nwere ike n'ezie nwere ihe ọmụma bara uru iji hụ na interoperability of data nakwa ụkpụrụ dị mkpa na-egosi maka data, metadata na usoro metụtara-akpali ndị dị irè na oru oma site ngosi.

Ihe edere karia ihe na-adighi nma inye onye na - aguta ihe otu esi amalite ime ihe na INSPIRE, malite na nhazi nke nyocha ATS - nyocha nke oma, ihe ha choro na ihe ha choro, na - aga n'ihu na nyocha ETS - nyocha mmepe - Ule nyocha, Udo Nwale, na igbe ngbaa ule, yana nsonaazụ ndị a nwetara.

Na mgbakwunye na nyochaa nke isiokwu ndị ahụ e kwuru n'elu, ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke magazin a na-enye maka mpịakọta a gụnyere:

• Valencian Toponymic nomenclature
• Geolake Search (ọdịnihu nke IDE na-emeziwanye katalọgụ ya)
• Na ọkwa nke aha ndị isi na Balearic Islands: Nomenclátor de Toponymy nke Menorca na ọdịnihu Geographic Nomenclature nke Balearic Islands.

Dị ka nke mbụ, ha ekwuputala Geobloggers na mbipụta ya nke abụọ, nke ga-eme na June nke 2019; ihe omume Geofumadas ga-akwado ọzọ-oge ahụ n'onwe-.

Banyere eserese

Magazin ahụ Nkewa, bụ akwụkwọ ndị Hispanic na akwụkwọ sayensị. Na afọ 28 na-ekesa ọrụ na nyocha banyere okwu metụtara mpaghara geomatics, akụrụngwa, njikwa data nke ụwa yana mmepe dị mkpa na-eme na ọnọdụ a.

 “Kemgbe afọ 2013, ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ugbu a akọwapụtala usoro ọhụụ ọhụrụ maka MAPPING. A họrọla ya mma na ugwu, na-eme ka a na-ekwu na magazin ahụ bụ otu n'ime ebe nchekwa ihe ọmụma na akụkọ kachasị na mpaghara ahụ yana njikọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ nzuzo, mahadum na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na-emepe ọrụ, kụzie ma kesaa Geomatics na ngwa ya na mpaghara dị iche iche nke mejupụtara sayensị nke ụwa. "

Anyị na-akwado ịga na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke magazin ahụ Nkewa, N'ebe ahụ, ha ga-enwe ike ịnweta akwụkwọ ha niile.